Creation of Hangul and Improvement of Literacy
One of King Sejong's greatest achievements was the creation of Hangul. In the Confucian society of the time, Hanja (Chinese characters) was predominantly used, making it difficult for common people to learn. To address this issue, King Sejong developed a new writing system for the people, resulting in the creation of Hunminjeongeum, now known as Hangul. Hangul is scientific and easy to use, allowing many individuals to read and write in a short period, significantly contributing to the improvement of literacy rates in Joseon society.
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Period
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Literacy Rate (%)
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Access to Education
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Social Changes
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Before Hangul
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Approximately 10
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Limited
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Knowledge Monopoly, Inequality
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Innovation in Science and Technology
King Sejong was deeply invested in the advancement of science and technology. He encouraged research in various fields such as astronomy, agriculture, and medicine, supporting the creation of numerous scientific instruments. Notably, he employed outstanding scientists like Jang Yeongsil, who invented devices such as the Jagyeokru (water clock) and Angbu-ilgu (astronomical instruments), elevating the level of scientific technology in Joseon. These technological innovations not only boosted agricultural productivity but also significantly contributed to national security.
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Invention
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Function and Use
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Inventor
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Jagyeokru
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Water clock that automatically tells time
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Jang Yeongsil
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Angbu-ilgu
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Astronomical instrument for precise measurements of the sun and moon
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Jang Yeongsil
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Honcheoni
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Instrument for observing and recording celestial bodies
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Jang Yeongsil
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Efficient Administrative Reforms
To improve the administrative system of Joseon, King Sejong implemented various reforms. Notably, he introduced tax systems for farmers to enhance the efficiency of local administration and promote social stability through fair taxation. Additionally, he reformed the civil service examination system to identify and employ talented individuals, strengthening the authority of the central government and fostering balanced development between the central and local administrations. These administrative reforms greatly contributed to the political stability and economic growth of Joseon.
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Reform Content
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Purpose and Function
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Results and Impact
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Introduction of Fair Taxation
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Reduce farmers' burden and ensure fair taxation
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Promoted social stability and economic growth
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Civil Service Examination Reform
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Discover and employ talented individuals
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Increased administrative efficiency and strengthened central authority
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Support for the Arts and Culture
King Sejong actively supported the arts and culture, elevating the cultural status of Joseon. He encouraged various art forms such as music, dance, and painting, expanding the royal music ensemble 'Aak' and working to preserve folk arts. Additionally, he promoted the creation of diverse literary works, leading to the development of literature and establishing Joseon's cultural identity. This cultural patronage played a crucial role in shaping national identity and fostering social cohesion among the people.
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Art Field
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Major Activities and Support Details
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Influence and Results
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Music
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Expanded and supported performances of the royal music ensemble 'Aak'
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Development of court arts and spread of musical culture
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Painting
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Encouraged the creation of paintings for both commoners and nobles
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Promoted cultural and artistic activities across different social classes
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Literature
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Supported the creation of various literary works such as sijo and novels
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Enhanced diversity of literature and formed a rich cultural heritage
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Promotion of Human Rights and Social Welfare
King Sejong prioritized human rights and social welfare, striving to improve the quality of life for his people. He introduced various social welfare systems to enhance the living conditions of the impoverished and aimed to reduce social inequality through fair law enforcement. Additionally, he strengthened policies protecting women and children, building a comprehensive social safety net. These policies greatly contributed to the stability of Joseon society and the well-being of its citizens, showcasing King Sejong's humanitarian leadership.
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Policy Content
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Purpose and Function
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Results and Impact
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Introduction of Poor Support Systems
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Stabilize the lives of the impoverished and alleviate poverty
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Improved living conditions for the poor and promoted social stability
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Fair Law Enforcement
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Ensure the fairness of laws and reduce social inequality
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Achieved social justice and built trust within society
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Protection Policies for Women and Children
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Protect the rights of women and children and strengthen social safety nets
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Enhanced sense of security and realized a more humane society
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